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Appareil de transmission

In mechanics, a transmission (also called a "standard" or "manual" transmission) or gearbox, is the system of gears and/or the hydraulic system (called variously "hydrodynamic", "fluid" or "automatic" transmission) that transmits mechanical power from a prime mover—such as an engine or electric motor—to some form of useful output device, normally rotary in form, and generally at a reduced rate of angular speed but at a higher motive torque.
Generally, transmissions will provide a significant speed-power conversion known as gear reduction (in speed) to a higher torque (rotational force or power). In motor vehicle transportation, a vehicle transmission may provide many different speed-power ratios known colloquially as "gears" or "speeds", and possibly several variant speeds in reverse direction as well—Tractors and large trucks especially may have a dozen or more forward "gears" which vary from a crawling speed at high torque to high speed at low torque where the only torque needed with a load coasting along at a given speed are that small additional energy (force) needed to overcome ongoing friction and other road losses such as climbing a grade. When the torque needed to surmount a grade is insufficient at a higher rotational speed, the gearbox is shifted into a lower gear to provide more power, as was needed when initially accelerating said vehicle to the desired road speed. Gearing has much in common with the mechanics and mechanical factors present in pulley systems. One trades distance (numbers of rotations) for increased force.

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